Study of Production and Some Properties of Foamed Concrete

* College of Engineering./ Al-Anbar University ةصلاــــخلا  ةيسيئر لحارم ثلاث ثحبلا اذه نمضت . ىلولأا ةلحرملا تنمضت ، ةناـسرخلا جاـتنإ داوملا بسن داجيإ يأ ةطلخلا ميمصت حيضوت لولأا مسقلا يف مت ؛ نيمسق ىلإ يمسقو ةيوغرلا ةيوغرلا ةناسرخلا نيوكت يف ةلخادلا ةيلولأا ، طـلخلا ةـقيرط حيضوت متف يناثلا مسقلا يف امأ . أ يلي امك ةعزوم تناكو جذامنلا دادعإ تنمضتف ةيناثلا ةلحرملا ام : ةبلوقلا ، حطسلا ءاهنإ ، ةلازلإا بلاوقلا نم ، ةجلاعملاو . مـتو يئاـهنلا جتـنملا ىلع تاصوحف ةدع ءارجإ ةثلاثلا ةلحرملا يف مت هصئاصخ ىلع ةرثؤملا لماوعلا ةشقانم . ةفاثكلا يه صئاصخلا هذهو ، طاغضنلاا ةمواقم ، ةمواقم قلافنلااب دشلا ، ءانثنلاا ةمواقمو . رمعب طاغضنلاا ةمواقم نأب جئاتنلا للاخ نم نيبت ) ٢٨ موـي ( ةفاثكب ةيوغرلا ةناسرخلل ) ٨٠٠ مغك / م ٣ ( نيب يه ) ١,٣٣٤ ىـلإ ٢,٣٢٣ لاكـساباكيم ( اـمنيب ةفاثكب ةيوغرلا ةناسرخلل ) ١٦٠٠ مغك / م ٣ ( رمعب طاغضنلاا ةمواقم تناكف ) ٢٨ موـي ( نيـب ) ٧,٠١٥ لإ ى ٩,٥٩١ لاكساباكيم .( ةفاثكب ةيوغرلا ةناسرخلل ) ١٦٠٠ مغك / م ٣ ( ةـمواقم تناك رمعب ءانثنلاا ) ٢٨ موي ( نيب ) ١,٠٨ يلإ ٢,٢٠٥ لاكساباكيم .(


SUMMARY
This research work includes three main experimental stages.
The first stage includes the production of foamed concrete. It is divided into two parts; in the first, mixing design (determination of the proportions of the raw materials) according to the required density was presented and in the second part, the mixing procedure has been illustrated.
The second stage includes preparation of samples,(i.e. molding, finishing surface, removal from molds and curing). The third stage includes several tests to estimate properties of the final product and factors influencing them . These pdfMachine -is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Get yours now! "Thank you very much! I can use Acrobat Distiller or the Acrobat PDFWriter but I consider your product a lot easier to use and much preferable to Adobe's" A.Sarras -USA

1-Foamed Concrete
Foamed concrete is a light building material with good strength as well as low thermal conductivity and easy workability. Because it contains air bubbles, the weight of foamed concrete is considerably lowered (1) .
Foamed concrete is produced by adding to the mix a foaming agent (usually some form of hydrolyzed protein or resin soap) which introduces and stabilizes air bubbles during mixing of high speed. In some processes a stable pre-formed foam is added to the mortar during mixing in an ordinary mixer ( 2 ) .
Pre-formed foam method was developed in the early 1950 s , in which, simple and precise control of the volume of the air cells produced mechanically by means of special foaming agents, results in controlled density over a broad range from 320 to 1920 kg/m 3 (5) .
Each foam bubble is surrounded by a tough protein membrane that insures its stability while mixing and handling. The membrane will eventually break down, so mixing and placing should be completed ( 3 ) .

2-Raw Materials Used
Figure (1) illustrates the raw materials used to produce foamed concrete, which may be explained in the following:-

2-1 Fine Aggregate
Natural sand from AL-Habaniya region in AL-Anbar Governorate was used with a maximum size ( 2.38mm) and it conforms to ASTM -Designation : C 144-87 (4) .
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2-2 Cement
Cement type I (ordinary Portland cement ) of Kubaisa factory for cement production was used in this study.

2-3 Water
Ordinary drinking water was used in all mixes.

2-4 Stable Foam
It was produced by diluting a foaming agent with water and then mixing this mixture by a blending device (mortar mixer).
The quantity of foaming agent required is determined by trial and depends on the type of it, mixing time, mixer efficiency, and the density of concrete desired (6) . Euco-foaming agent is the trade name of the liquid material that has been used to produce pre-formed foam for this study .The specific gravity for it is (1.01). According to ASTM -Designation: C796-87 (7) the unit weight of foam usually ranges from 32 to 64 kg/m 3 and the foaming solution in the foam will be considered as part of the total mixing water.
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It can be seen that the expansion rate is about 24 times[ ].
Therefore, the unit weight of foam is equal to: The air content in (1) liter of foam is : That means, the air content in foam produced by mortar mixer using Eucofoaming agent is 95.75 %.

3-Mix Design ( Mix proportions )
According to ACI Committee 523,(1986) (6) , the mix proportioning begins with the selection of the unit weight of the concrete ( wet density) , the cement content, and the water-cement ratio (w/c). Then, the mix is proportioned by the method of absolute volumes.

4-Constituents Proportion.
The properties of the final product depend on the proportions of the raw materials. In this study nine differently proportioned mixes were designed. The nine mixes are divided into three groups, each one includes three mixes.
For all groups, three values of cement content (300,350,and 400) kg/m 3 and three values of water-cement ratio (0.55,0.58, and 0.6) were used.
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5-Mixing Procedure
After the amount of materials required to make the foamed concrete has been worked out, dry constituents (cement and fine sand) were mixed in ordinary mixer for a few minutes. Mixing water should be added in stages. Preformed foam was added to the wet slurry, after the mixing of the latter has been thorough. After it is made sure that the mixing is thorough, pre-formed foam should be added to the wet slurry. It should be noted that foam has been completely mixed with the mortar. Excessive mixing should be avoided because of the possibility of changes in unit weight and consistency (6) .
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6-1 Density
Density is found by weighing the specimen before test and dividing the weight by the measured volume of the specimen.
According to ASTM C796 (7) , the specimens that are to be load-tested; have not been oven dried.

6-2 Compressive Strength Test
The compressive strength test was carried out on cube specimens 100mm100mm100mm, at an age of 14,21,28,and 90 days.
The test was run in conformity with provisions of ASTM -Designation: C513-89 (8) .
The compressive strength of foamed concrete is affected by such factors as density, age, cement content, w/c ratio, s/c ratio, foam volume, and curing.
It should be noted that three specimens were tested at each selected age and the results were averaged.
The compressive strength is calculated to the nearest 0.069 MPa (8) .

6-2-1 Development of Compressive Strength with Time
The relationships between the compressive strength and the age of foamed concrete are shown in Figures (2)       pdfMachine -is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Get yours now! "Thank you very much! I can use Acrobat Distiller or the Acrobat PDFWriter but I consider your product a lot easier to use and much preferable to Adobe's" A.Sarras -USA       ٤٦
This test was done according to ASTM-Designation: C496-86 (9) . Two specimens are tested at each selected age and the results are averaged. Splitting tensile strength (Fsp) of the test specimens for all specimens has been calculated as follows (9)  Ld 2P pdfMachine -is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Get yours now! "Thank you very much! I can use Acrobat Distiller or the Acrobat PDFWriter but I consider your product a lot easier to use and much preferable to Adobe's" A.Sarras -USA  Figures (8), (9), and (10) show the relationships between Fsp and age of the test for foamed concrete with densities 800, 1200, and 1600 kg/m 3 respectively. Unlike other figures, Figure (8) shows that the 90-day strengths did not show any strength development to that of 28-day. This means that at lower densities, almost all strength is gained at 28-days. pdfMachine -is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Get yours now! "Thank you very much! I can use Acrobat Distiller or the Acrobat PDFWriter but I consider your product a lot easier to use and much preferable to Adobe's" A.Sarras -USA pdfMachine -is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Get yours now! "Thank you very much! I can use Acrobat Distiller or the Acrobat PDFWriter but I consider your product a lot easier to use and much preferable to Adobe's" A.Sarras -USA pdfMachine -is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Get yours now! "Thank you very much! I can use Acrobat Distiller or the Acrobat PDFWriter but I consider your product a lot easier to use and much preferable to Adobe's" A.Sarras -USA

7-Conclusions
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1-In order to make (1) Liter of foam, (2.5) mL of Euco Foaming Agent had been diluted in (40) g of water by using Automatic Mortar Mixer. and w/c ratio (0.55).
8-The 90-day strengths did not show noticeable strength development to that of 28-day for foamed concrete with 800 kg/m 3 density.
9-Foamed concrete produced in this study is not recommended to be used for structural applications because highest 28-day strength was only 9.591MPa.
10-The final product of foamed concrete can be sawn by hand saw.
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