Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

 
The gypseous soils are distributed in many locations in Iraq. The Engineering properties of such soil will be changed when it is wetted and it leads to failure which causes danger on the structures built on. This reason needs to study its properties and to find the way to treat it. In this study, natural properties of soil prepared from Samarra-Salah al deen governorate were studied. The gypsum content of soil is about 32%. To improve this soil, many trials were carried out on the soil by additive of Portland cement and calcium chloride. For the importance of the compressibility of the soil, the effect of the additives were studied and it is found that addition of 3% of cement or 5% of calcium chloride will improve the soil compressibility.

AbstractDuring the last four decades, incidence of failure of flexible pavement road has been seenwidely for many reasons, such as increasing service axial loads, repetition of traffic loadsand the environmental effects. An expert systemis an interactive computer-based decisiontool that uses both facts and heuristics to solve difficult decision problems based onknowledge acquired from an expert. To realize these requirements, a logic programmingProlog language was utilized together with diagnosis technology. The logic programminglanguage formalizes the domain knowledge. The expert system Diagnosis of FlexiblePavement Road Deterioration (DFPRD) developed in this paper is a diagnostic advisorysystem, which can be used as an alternative to the human expert, to give technicaldecisions in diagnosing deterioration in flexible pavement.Keywords: Expert System, Pavement Road Deterioration

The main objective of the present study is to maintain clear environment by
using natural fibers that not cause pollution. Two types of Jute fibers as mat were used
to produce ratting polyester composites after treating these fibers with Iraqi dolomite
of 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 percentages % where, eight specimens were prepared. Manual
casting used to prepared these specimens by using fibers of 2.8 mm diameter between
two layers of Resin for all specimens.
Mechanical properties tests includes creep, tensile, and hardness by Shore method
where best results of creep and tensile strength reduction are given with 0.9% of Iraqi
dolomite. Hardness proportional with concentration of dolomite.
Physical properties tests includes color, yellowness of color, were the samples exposed
to U.V of 254 nm short length wave for 150 hours. The Jute fibers affected the color
while the dolomite effects were inconsiderable, also the absorption of acidic and base
solutions were proportionate reversely with increasing of dolomite and fibers' mat
percentage. In biological tests, the Fungus growth on composite body decreased with
increasing dolomite percentage and no great lost of weight.
The present study shown that the Jute fibers in the composite body and concentration
of Iraqi dolomite improve the mechanical, physical, and biological properties of
polyester Resin composites with Jute fibers.

Construction materials are very important in industrial construction. The
factors which affect the lost and damage ratio on were studied by classification the
lost and damage in the materials. In addition the following factors :
1-Estimation and design.
2-Storege and delivery.
3-Effisincy of management.
4-Applied guard and security on materials storage.
5-Approsh of material transport.
Were also studied determination of the effect ratio for every factors was
tabulated in order to use by the management for control the lost and damage.
Simple equations were presented to help the constructional management to
find the modified ratio of lost in according to the effect factors.
It was found some conclusion and recommendation which can direct the
construction managements to use the suggested tables and equations to reduce the
damage ratio of construction materials.

Abstract :The increase in traffic volumes at intersections is one of the important problems thatmakes difficulties in the traffic operation management and movement then leads to trafficcongestion in these facilities.Capacity and level of service are important considerations and control points for theanalysis of intersections and evaluate the operation of the intersection.The present paper is dealing with the objectives of the evaluation of the capacity and thelevel of service at Al-Mat'haf square in Baghdad City, and development of alternativeimprovement strategies to overcome the traffic operation problems and to present a bestproposal to enhance the performance from the capacity point of view.To achieve these objectives, the traffic volumes data collection and geometric layout forAl-Mat'haf square that required for the traffic and geometrical analysis were gatheredmanually, while SIDRA traffic program is used for the requirements of traffic analysisprocess.It has been concluded that, fly over connect the direction arrived from Al-Tajneedintersection towards Damascus square is the best proposal to improve the capacity andtraffic operation ability of Al-Mat'haf squareKeywordsTraffic Capacity, Traffic Operation, Level of Service (LOS), Saturation Flow

Abstract :The intersections "roundabout" is an important part of the highway system. Theoperational efficiency, capacity, safety and cost of the system depend largely upon itsdesign of intersection "roundabout", especially in urban areas.The objectives of the present study include the analysis, evaluation and improvement theoperation traffic of selected roundabout (Kahtan Square) in Baghdad city by analysis anduse many alternatives to improve the roundabout (Kahtan Square) operation under localexist conditions and to present a best proposal to enhance the performance at the requiredfacility.To achieve these objectives, the traffic volumes data collection and geometric layout forKahtan square that required for the traffic and geometrical analysis were gatheredmanually, while SIDRA traffic program is used for the requirements of traffic analysisprocess.It has been concluded that, fly over at the main path of traffic movement at kahtan square(Baya'a – Yarmok hospital) is the best proposal to improve the capacity and trafficoperation for kahtan square.Keywords: Traffic operation, Round about, Level of service, Capacity

الخلاصةتتمیز المیاه المطروحة من المستشفیات بأنها ذات تدفق واطئ وملوثات خطرة ، الأمر الذی یجعل معالجتهابشکل منفصل عن میاه الصرف الصحی ضرورة ملحة . فی هذه الدراسة تم إجراء مسح نوعی وکمی للمیاهالمطروحة من خمسة مستشفیات ، تقع فی منطقة العلویة / بغداد ، بهدف إیجاد المتطلبات التصمیمیة اللازمةلتصمیم وحدة معالجة صغیرة متنقلة یمکن تصنیعها بعیداً عن المستشفى ونصبها بخط واحد أو أکثر حسب قیمةالتصریف الخارج من المستشفى. لوحظ من خلال الفحوصات المختبریة أن هناک زیادة فی تراکیز الموادالعالقة والکلوریدات والمتطلب الکیماوی للاوکسجین عنه فی میاه الصرف الصحی بسبب الأغبرة وموادالتنظیف الناتجة عن التنظیف والتعقیم المستمر للمستشفیات . تم تصمیم وحدة المعالجة باستخدام معدلاتالتصریف والأحمال البیولوجیة لتکون قابلة للاستخدام فی جمیع المستشفیات سیما ذات التدفقات والأحمالالمقاربة .

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the properties of SCC produced by locally availablematerials , and attempts have been made to increase the range of grading of fineaggregate, with fineness modulus ranging from (1.5 to 4.1) , and to study the effect of themaximum size of coarse aggregate . It also aims to study the influence of High ReactivityMetakaolin (HRM) as a partial replacement by weight of cement on the properties of freshand hardened SCC, 24 different mixes of SCC are prepared .8 mixes are considered asReference mixes which are used for comparison purposes. To determine the workability,different test methods were adopted such as slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box tests. Whenfineness modulus of fine aggregate and maximum size of coarse aggregate increase,flowability, passing ability and segregation resistance decrease as compared with smallmaximum size of aggregate and other fineness modulus. Further more, the inclusion of10% HRM as a partial replacement by weight of cement leads to decrease flow ability andincrease of viscosity. The fineness modulus (3.1) of fine aggregate gives better resultsthan other fineness modulus. The results obtained from this study, also show that it ispossible to produce SCC from local available materials which satisfy the requirement ofthis type of concrete. Moreover, the results show the possibility of using different gradingof fine aggregate with fineness modulus ranging from (1.5 to 4.1) and the effect ofchange in fineness modulus is not significant on hardened concrete properties , while it ismore significant on fresh concrete properties .

One of the most important hydraulic structures which are used in irrigation systems
are the broad crested weirs, which can be defined as a vertical barrier in a canal or tank
side in which the water may flow freely. This weir can be used to measure the
discharge and to raise the water level in the upstream. In this study the effect of
longitudinal section on streamlined flow over broad crested weir has been investigated.
Loss in energy, working efficiency and the coefficient of discharge have been
considered. Experimental study carried out using (25) samples with six different
hydraulic heads. The analysis of results indicate that the coefficient of discharge (Cd)
increases with increasing Froud Number (Fr) and the most effective slope of upstream
and downstream faces of the weir wear (45°) and (60°) respectively, at which the
coefficient of discharge demonstrated was (0.644

Hydrodynamic modeling of viscous flow in porous media was investigated for fourselected filter media crushed silica, crushed anthracite coal, glass beads and crushed garnet.Typical constants that can be used to estimate head loss for some of the most common designof granular media filters were correlated. The effect of several parameters such as porosity(35%-60%) , temperature(20oC-80oC) and media grain size (0.5-2mm) was studied. Empiricalrelationships were developed using a plot of friction vs. Reynolds number similar to those thathad been successfully used for the flow of fluids in pipes. Analytical models were made todevelop an equation for viscous turbulent flow in porous media from first hydraulic principles.Empirical equation was developed to predict pressure drop in porous media as a function ofbed porosity and evaluated the friction factor as a function to flow type.

Abstract:Many of researchers study the uses of chopped worn-out tires as a replacementmaterial to production special types of concrete. In presented work, the worn-out tireswere used as fibers which have dimensions of 1×1×3 cm. The fibers used as a partialreplacement from volume of coarse aggregate. Two mixes of fiber worn-out tires(F.W.T.) concrete in addition to reference mix were selected, using PartialReplacement Ratio (PRR) of 20% and 30%. The tests which were used in this studywere: compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. It wasfound that incorporating of F.W.T. in concrete effected negatively on most propertiesof concrete, for example the percentage decreases in compressive strength relative toreference mix at 28 day were 20% and 27.3% for concrete with 20% and 30% F.W.T.by volume of coarse aggregate respectively. However, it gave good indicator to beutilized as a new construction material in many applications.

ABSTRACTConstruction industry is becoming an increasingly global business. Competition in theindustry is intensifying, and projects are becoming larger and more complex. Customersare becoming more demanding, and increasingly they are looking for complete packagesof construction services. In this environment, the relationships between suppliers, projectmanagers and customers are the key to success. Customers will need to be confident thatcompanies can get the job done. Companies will need to develop plans, communicate andeffectively fulfill these plans, in order to successfully complete projects.Building quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001:2000, require managingcompany as a system of interrelated processes, management should plan these processes,identify how they relate to each other, set goals, measure processes and makeimprovements.The objective of this research is to review the concept, definition, principles, and benefitsof ISO 9001:2000 standard and developing the application of the quality managementsystem for Al-Rasheed State Contracting Construction Company.KEYWORDS: ISO 9001:2000 standard, quality, quality management system, customersatisfaction, continuous improvement

AbstractSelecting a design runway length is one of the most important decisions an airportdesigner makes. The length required to accommodate the most demanding airplanesanticipated to use an airport is a fundamental airfield design factor. This paperdescribes the important role which the runway length is playing in any proposedairport to be designed.Computer program named (RUNWLD) was developed during this researchperiod to determine the runway length depending on the Federal AviationAdministration (FAA) methodology. (RUNWLD) predicts the planned and basicrunway lengths for various mix of airplanes anticipated to use a proposed airports.The program was written in visual basic programming language. The dataused in this program is concluded from the charts, tables, and circular advisoryadopted by (FAA) methodology. The developed program (RUNWLD) is easy tooland user friend, in addition to that it save time while getting results comparing tothe traditional (FAA) method.Keywords: runway length, airport, airplane, FAA, program

Abstract:This study explores the potential of back propagation neural networks (BPNN) computingparadigm to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations on cohesionlesssoils. The data from 97 load tests on footings (with sizes corresponding to those of realfootings and smaller sized model footings) were used to train and validate the model. Fiveparameters are considered to have the most significant impact on the magnitude ofultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations on cohesionless soil and are thus used asthe model inputs. These include the width of the footing, depth of embedment, length towidth ratio, dry or submerge unit weight and angle of internal friction of the soil. Themodel output is the ultimate bearing capacity. Performance of the model wascomprehensively evaluated. The values of the performance evaluation measures such ascoefficient of correlation, root mean square error, mean absolute error reveal that themodel can be effectively used for the bearing capacity prediction. BPNN model iscompared with the values predicted by most commonly used bearing capacity theories.The results indicate that the model perform better than the theoretical methods.KEYWORDS: Ultimate bearing capacity; Shallow foundations; cohesionless soil; backpropagation neural network (BPNN); prediction