This study presents an investigation of the mechanical properties of normal concrete reinforced with discarded steel fibers (DSFs) resulting from tire manufacturing. DSFs were added to concrete in two different volume fractions of (0.25 %, and 0.5 %), and these fibers have dimensions of (40 mm length×0.92 mm diameter). The results showed that the compressive strength of the concrete was enhanced by (8.8%, and 3.3%) by adding of DSFs. However, the workability of concrete decreased at all added ratios. While the density is slightly changed. Also, the results indicate that the modulus of elasticity shows slight increases by (3.06%, and 2.25%). Additionally, the incorporation of DSFs improves the splitting tensile strength and modulus of rupture significantly. For concrete mixes having volume fractions of 0.25% and 0.5%, the splitting tensile increased by (7.89%, and 23.68%), and the modulus of rupture increased by (6.67% and 25.58%), respectively. It was concluded that using this type of discarded fibers can improve the mechanical properties of concrete as an alternative type for other types of industrial fibers.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber is a green-friendly fiber that is capable of enhancing the mechanical properties of wet-mixing shotcrete. The main purpose of this study is to see how varied volumes of waste plastic fibers (WPF) affect the flowability and mechanical properties of wet-mix shotcrete. For this aim, a variety of experimental tests based on WPF content were chosen. Fresh and mechanical tests included slump, T500, density, compressive strength, and splitting strength were applied. The results shown a improved in shotcrete performance as the WPF content increased. Among all fitting correlations, density and compressive strength revealed the strongest linear ship association. Due to greater interlocking between WPF and concrete matrix, WPF was a major use in enhancing splitting tensile strength. WPF had the most influence on splitting strength, with 23–31 percent, 7–23 percent, and 6–38 percent for 7, 14, and 28-day, respectively.
Foamed concrete (FC) is a type of lightweight concrete characterized by a high void space ratio and cementitious binders. In this research, the fresh and mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced modified foamed concrete (made with fly ash, silica fume, and superplasticizer) with a density of 1300 kg/m³ were studied. Carbon fibers of different lengths (12 mm, 20 mm, and 28 mm) were introduced in two ways: as single fibers (12 mm) and as hybrid fibers combining lengths of 20 mm and 28 mm.
The results showed that the compressive and split tensile strengths increased by approximately 43% compared to the control mix (modified with additives) when using a single fiber of 12 mm at a volume proportion of 0.4%. In contrast, using hybrid fibers resulted in increases of about 65% and 66% in compressive and split tensile strengths, respectively. When compared to the single fiber method, the hybrid approach improved compressive and split tensile strengths by about 15% and 16%, respectively.
The concept of sustainability was developed in the last years and included the construction industry to solve the issues that pertaining by high consumption of natural sources, environmental pollution and high amount production of solid wastes. On the other hand, the plastics generation is growing exponentially every year, especially, types of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) that are used to produce soft drinks bottles, this study attempts to apply the concept of sustainability and reduce the environmental pollution by cutting the plastic bottles (PET) as small fibers added to the ordinary concrete to improve the shear and tensile strength of reinforced concrete beams. For this purpose, the experimental work was carried out to study the effect of waste plastic fibers (PET) on the shear behavior of seven reinforced concrete beams with dimensions of (100×150×1200) mm that were designed to fail in shear, the fibers percentages that were used in this study are (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5%). Also, the influence of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete was studied such as: workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, static modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity.
The researches in Iraq has expanded in the field of material technology involving the properties of the light weight concrete using natural aggregate aviable in westran of Iraq. Researches work on porcelinite concrete has been carried out in several Iraqi Universities. The study is deals with mechanical properties of porcelinite aggregate concrete by casting (273) different specimens. These properties are, compressive strength, flexurale strength, splitting strength, static modulus of elasticity and absorption. The results indicated that the structural light weight aggregate concrete produced from local porcelinite aggregate is suitable to used as a structural concrete, it can produce structural light weight concrete of compressive strength varies from (23.0 to 29.8) MPa with the density ranges from (1745 to 1855) kg/m3, by using cement content about (550 and 650) kg/m3.Such concrete exhibited good mechanical properties. It gave the values of splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, 75%, 90% and 60% from those of normal weight concrete respectively owning the same compressive strength and meeting the requirement of ACI-213
This study was conducted to examine the impact of plastic fibers (WPFs) in an effort to improve some of the features of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using Iraqi raw materials. Waste polyethylene terephthalate fibers (waste PET fibers) from used beverage bottles were added. Some tests were carried out to determine the effects of adding WPFs on the fresh properties of new concrete, while additional tests examined the mechanical properties of hardened concrete. Because of this, self-compacting concrete blends were created with a constant water-to-binder ratio of 0.32 and a binder content of 525 kg/m3. The designated plastic fiber percentages contents were 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% of mix volume. Self-compacting concrete mixtures' fresh characteristics were assessed for slump flow diameter, T50 slump flow concurrently, V-funnel flow concurrently, and L-box height ratio. The 28-day density, compressive strengths and flexural strength of self-compacting concretes were also measured. The use of plastic waste fibers had a slight effect on reducing the density of the produced concrete and a negative effect on the fresh properties. The compressive strengths were improved by using WPFs, with the maximum improvement equal to (11.065%) when compared to those made from the reference mix
This research include the study of flexural behavior of polymer modified concrete beams containing waste plastic fiber (WPF). Fifteen reinforced concrete beams are moulded of (100*150*1300) mm dimension with different steel reinforcement ratio (ρ). These steel reinforcement ratio were (0.0038, 0.0207 & 0.0262). Styrene Butadine Rubber (SBR) was added as cement replacement by weight equal to (5%). Reinforced concrete beams classified in to five groups, each contains three beams with different (ρ) value. The first group conducted of reference concrete mix , the second group made with SBR modified concrete, while the three remaining groups were make by PMC containing (WPF) with volumetric ratio equal to (0.75, 1.25 & 1.75)%. This study includes compressive and flexural tests for concrete which was used in this research, load deflection relationships, the moment at mid-span with deflection and ductility were established. The results prove that, polymer modified concrete wich content waste plastic fiber has compressive and flexural strengths more than reference mixes as well as the PMC beams wich content waste plastic fiber have a stiffer response in terms of structural behaviour, more ductility and lower cracking deflection than those made by reference concretes and that refer to good role of styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) polymer and plastic fiber on the properties and behaviour of reinforced concrete beams.
The aim of this study is to develop Lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) mixtures using locally sourced waste materials such as Expanded Polystyrene Beads (EPS) and Waste Plastic Fibers (WPFs) which are all available abundantly available in Republic of Iraq at little or no cost. The fresh, hardened and mechanical properties of these LWSCC were studied, followed by results analysis. Five different mixes of LWSCC were prepared in term of WPF content (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 %), in addition to the control mix (R mix) and lightweight concrete (E mix) made of EPS content as a replacement of coarse aggregate. The study showed that the LWSCC produced with these waste materials were decreased the density (lightweight) of the concrete mixes as EPS tend to form more clumps, absorb water and make the mix dry. Therefore, concrete mixtures were adjusted accordingly to be able to offset the workability caused by the addition of EPS. The increase in WPF content decreased the workability due to clumping that occurred in the mixing phase. The analysis of mechanical properties of the LWSCFRC specimens revealed that there was not much improvement. While LWSCC with 100% of EPS replacement as coarse aggregates and 1.25% WPFs provides the best flexural toughness performance
In this study, the structural behaviour of RC-deep beams of glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rubberized concrete is investigated. Rubberized concrete is manufactured by replacing fine sand aggregate with rubber crumbs in volumetric replacement ratios. The main variables were the crumb rubber content (0%, 10%, and 20%) and the main reinforcement ratio. Tested Six samples of deep beams with different dimensions (b = 150, h = 300 mm, L= 1400 mm) were under a four-point load until failure. The parameters under investigation were the mechanical properties of mixtures, load-midspan deflection curves, toughness, and the load-strain relationship. The results indicate that the increased crumb rubber content led to a decrease in the mechanical properties of rubberized concrete mixtures. It was found that the behaviour of all samples of rubberized concrete affected the deflection load curve, the ultimate load, and the increase in deflection. The sample R2-10% Rub showed the highest toughness among the tested samples, with an increase of 301.6% compared to the reference.
This study program has been conducted to investigate the influence of adding waste plastic fibers (WPF) resulting from manual cutting for bottles used in the conservation gassy beverage on different characteristics of ordinary concrete. Cutting plastic waste by volumetric rates ranging between (0.5%) to (2%) was approved. Reference mix was produced for comparison. Tests were conducted on the models produced from waste plastic fiber concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength. The analysis of the results showed that the use of plastic waste fibers (1%) has led to improve the properties of flexural strength and splitting tensile strength compared with reference concrete .When the( 0.75%)WPF ratio improved the compressive strength as compared with the control specimen . Compressive strength in (28 days) with fiber ratio (0.75%) WPF is higher than equal (5.1%) from compressive strength in (28 days) of reference concrete. Volumetric ratio (1%) WPF can be also observed that each of the flexural strength and splitting tensile strength increases equal (12.5 and 12.5%) respectively, from flexural strength and splitting tensile strength for the reference mix at(28day).
ABSTRACT: Many of researchers study the uses of chopped worn-out tires as a replacement material to production special types of concrete. In presented work, the worn-out tires were used as fibers which have dimensions of 1×1×3 cm. The fibers used as a partial replacement from volume of coarse aggregate. Two mixes of fiber worn-out tires (F.W.T.) concrete in addition to reference mix were selected, using Partial Replacement Ratio (PRR) of 20% and 30%. The tests which were used in this study were: compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. It was found that incorporating of F.W.T. in concrete effected negatively on most properties of concrete, for example the percentage decreases in compressive strength relative to reference mix at 28 day were 20% and 27.3% for concrete with 20% and 30% F.W.T. by volume of coarse aggregate respectively. However, it gave good indicator to be utilized as a new construction material in many applications.
This study describes the results of tests carried out in order to investigate the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) stabilized Polystyrene beads. Three concrete mixtures were used with densities 350kg/m3, 500 kg/m3 and 600 kg/m3. A total of 12 beams, with control specimens were tested after 28 days of curing immersion in water. Four types of steel reinforcement were utilized: Two ratios of tensile steel reinforcement without compression steel and the same two ratios of tensile reinforcement with compression steel and stirrups. The beams were tested under 4- points loading up to failure. The main variables considered in this study were: different types of Izocrete densities and types of reinforcement steel bars. The results indicated that the amount of polystyrene beads significantly affects the strength of the concrete produced. In general, it can be observed that the compression, tensile and flexure strengths decreased as the EPS beads contents increased, and the moment capacity of the beams reduced with the increase of the beads ratio.The load deflection behavior of the Izocrete beams were similar to other lightweight concrete beams .The failure in most of the beams was initiated at the compression region undergoing large deformation due to the high compressibility of the material.
This study program has been arranged to test the behavior of punching shear for concrete slabs reinforced by an embedded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcements. However, the shear resistance of concrete members in general and especially punching shear of two-way RC slabs, reinforced by GFRP bars has not yet been fully investigated. Seven decades ago, many researches have been carried out on punching shear resistance of slabs reinforced by conventional steel and several design methods were created. However, these methods can be not easily applied to FRP-reinforced concrete slabs due to the difference in mechanical properties between (FRP) and steel reinforcement. sixteen specimens are to be cast in lab within two categories of reinforcements such as GFRP and equivalent steel reinforcements. In addition, based on experimental data obtained from the author’s study and ACI model, the paper performed an evaluation of accuracy of proposed model. The results from the evaluation show that the ACI-formula gave inaccurate results with a large scatter in comparison with the test results of this study. A new design formula can be proposed for more accurate estimation of punching shear resistance of (GFRP) specimens.
Slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON) is a relatively new high performance material and can be considered a special type of fiber concrete (FRC) with high fiber content. The matrix consists of a flowing mortar or cement slurry that must penetrate well through the network of fibers placed in the mold. SIFCON has excellent mechanical properties combined with high ductility and toughness values. SIFCON a relatively new material, is composed of mud (cement or cement and sand), water, a plasticizer (water reducer), and fibers. All previous studies have used waste steel fibers, steel fibers and other fibers, but in this study, plastic fibers were made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by cutting carbonated beverage bottles. The main objectives of this study are: Determination the effect of the waste plastic fiber volume ratio on the strength and deformation of (SIFCON) samples under the influence of bending loads. Both flexural strength and toughness properties were determined by testing samples (100×100×400) mm at 28 and 56 days of age. The results obtained from these tests were compared with those performed on conventional tests. Aspect Ratio equal to (36.8) and three volume ratios (3%, 5% and 7%) of the total volume of the concrete mixture were used to add fibers with different volume ratios. A conventional concrete mix was created as a reference for comparison. Bending strength and fresh concrete tests were performed. And compared with the reference mixture and according to the analysis of the results. The results showed an improvement in bending strength .It was found through the flexural examination that the flexural strength of the mixture containing fiber percentage (7%) achieved the highest strength compared to the rest of the ratios used, compared with the reference mixture (Ref.) by (32.25, 27.5)% for ages (28, 56), respectively.
This research investigates the impact resistance of concrete slabs with different volume perecentage replacement ratios of waste plastic fibers (originaly made from soft drink bottles) as follows : 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Reference mix produced in order to compare the result. For the selected mixes, cubes with (100×100×100mm) were made to test compressive strength at age of (90) days. Flexural strength (Modulus of Rupture) test was also conducted using prisms sample of (500*100*100 mm) dimensions. The low-velocity impact test was conducted by the method of repeated falling mass where 1400gm steel ball was used. The ball falling freely from height of 2400mm on concrete panels of (500×500×50 mm) having a mesh of waste plastic fiber.The number of blows that caused first crack and final crack (failure) were determined, according to the former obtained results , the total energy was calculated. Results showed an improvement in mechanical properties for mixes containing plastic fibers compared with reference mix. For compressive strength the maximum increase in compressive strength was equal to (3.2%) at age of (90) days. Flexural strengths for mixes containing plastic fiber at ages 28, and 90 days are higher than that of these of reference mix. The maximum value of increaseing was (18%) for 28 days age of test and it was equal to (26%) for 90 days age of test for the mixture with plastic fiber content by volume equal to (1%) . Results showed a significant improvement in low-velocity impact resistance of all mixes contining waste plastic fibers when comparing with reference mix. Results illustrated that mix with (1.5%) waste plastic fibers by volume give the higher impact resistance at failure than the others. The magnitude of an increase over reference mix was equal to (340%).
Ferrocement is a type of concrete made of mortar with different wire meshes. It has wide and varied applications in addition to its strength and durability. This research aims to combine ferrocement and sustainability, as over time, the consumption of plastics, especially plastic bottles, has increased and has serious negative effects if buried, burned, or chemically analyzed. Therefore, this research aims to benefit from this plastic waste and introduce it into the construction field by using plastic waste fibers in the concrete mixture instead of cement at a rate of 0.5% and 1% by volume. This research studied the mechanical properties of nine samples of ferrocement beams with dimensions of 1200 × 200 × 150 mm3. A longitudinal hole with a diameter of 50 mm was drilled in different places of the beams and filled with lightweight concrete to facilitate the use of the hole in service passes when drilled, with a study of the initial cracking loads and the resulting deflection in addition to the failure modes and the deflection resulting from the maximum load. The results showed an improvement in load resistance with an improvement in deflection at the maximum load, In addition to an increase in the improvement of Toughness and Stiffness of ferrocement beams.
The paper shows the final findings of the effect of metakaolin on the strengths properties of concrete exposed to crude oil. Sulfate resistance Portland cement of V type was used and specimens of concrete were adjusted and subjected to a solution of concentrated crude oil. However, the samples are cured in a control media at immersion ages of (28, 56 & 120 days) with ambient temperature, then samples have been kept in curing water for comparisons purpose as well. The results explain that the use of metakaolin reinforces compressive, flexural and splitting resistance of concrete which is exposed to crude oil. The compressive strength reduction increased from 8.0% at (28 days) to 37.7% at (120 days) curing for normal weight concrete (NW) whereas the concrete incorporating metakaolin (MC) has a reduction of 6.0% at (28 days) & 29.3% at (120 days). .
This paper presents and discuses some properties of self-compacting concrete SCC containing optimum contents of different types of cement replacement materials CRMs like fly ah, silica fume and limestone powder. The purpose is to evaluate the performance of SCC mixtures to choose the best one for strengthening purposes of corroded reinforcement concrete beams. In a preliminary work, the theoretical optimum contents of the above materials were specified using statistical program (Minitab) and they were verified experimentally. This verification based on checking fresh properties such as slump flow, T500, L-box and segregation resistance as well as compressive strength. The optimum contents of CRMs: 14% fly ash, 19% limestone, 18% silica fume plus fly ash and 11% silica fume were selected and studied. Compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths were examined, as well as the modulus of elasticity, water absorption and porosity (which reflect the related durability properties) were examined. Test results show that the optimum verified theoretical percentage of a combination of fly ash and silica fume, at 18% by weight of cement with a fixed water-binder ratio of 0.33 showed the best overall performance. It was deduced that this SCC mix gave the highest mechanical properties and the lowest porosity and water absorption. For example, the compressive strength increased by 36.25% as compared to SCC mix containing limestone powder. Further, the porosity and water absorption decreased by 120.8% and 164% respectively as compared to the above same SCC mix. Thus, it could be used for strengthening purpose of corroded RC beams.
Abstract:Many of researchers study the uses of chopped worn-out tires as a replacementmaterial to production special types of concrete. In presented work, the worn-out tireswere used as fibers which have dimensions of 1×1×3 cm. The fibers used as a partialreplacement from volume of coarse aggregate. Two mixes of fiber worn-out tires(F.W.T.) concrete in addition to reference mix were selected, using PartialReplacement Ratio (PRR) of 20% and 30%. The tests which were used in this studywere: compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. It wasfound that incorporating of F.W.T. in concrete effected negatively on most propertiesof concrete, for example the percentage decreases in compressive strength relative toreference mix at 28 day were 20% and 27.3% for concrete with 20% and 30% F.W.T.by volume of coarse aggregate respectively. However, it gave good indicator to beutilized as a new construction material in many applications.
The performance of the structural materials (concrete and steel reinforcement) and the behavior of the structural members after they were exposed to high temperatures have been considered the main topics of the current literature review. All varieties of concrete mixtures lost their compressive strength after 300˚C, even though there was no discernible strength loss between 150 and 300˚C. It was also discovered that the heating time had no appreciable impact on the strength loss when the exposed to heat less than 300 ˚C. Above 300 ˚C. Concrete begins to lose strength after being exposed for longer than one hour; the greatest loss of strength occurs during the first and second hours of exposure. Both the cured cement paste and the aggregates undergo chemical and physical changes at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 900 °C. The 5% weighted rice husk ash (RHA) blended concrete still had an advantage in compressive strength, over the concrete when subjected to temperatures up to 700 C for two hours. Adding more recycled glass and ceramic particles to regular concrete increases its overall compressive and tensile strengths. Concrete becomes more durable and has fewer cracks when there is a higher replacement rate for ceramic and glass particles. The splitting tensile strength decreased with increasing temperature, changing from 60% to 70% of its initial strength after 600 °C. In this review, the better performance of concrete than the other concrete in terms of mechanical, physical, and durability properties at both room temperature and high temperature were concrete with 10% waste glass powder (WGP) substitution as a partial of cement and 10%–20% crushed glass (CG) substitution as a partial of aggregate .
The main objective of the present study is to maintain clear environment by using natural fibers that not cause pollution. Two types of Jute fibers as mat were used to produce ratting polyester composites after treating these fibers with Iraqi dolomite of 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 percentages % where, eight specimens were prepared. Manual casting used to prepared these specimens by using fibers of 2.8 mm diameter between two layers of Resin for all specimens. Mechanical properties tests includes creep, tensile, and hardness by Shore method where best results of creep and tensile strength reduction are given with 0.9% of Iraqi dolomite. Hardness proportional with concentration of dolomite. Physical properties tests includes color, yellowness of color, were the samples exposed to U.V of 254 nm short length wave for 150 hours. The Jute fibers affected the color while the dolomite effects were inconsiderable, also the absorption of acidic and base solutions were proportionate reversely with increasing of dolomite and fibers' mat percentage. In biological tests, the Fungus growth on composite body decreased with increasing dolomite percentage and no great lost of weight. The present study shown that the Jute fibers in the composite body and concentration of Iraqi dolomite improve the mechanical, physical, and biological properties of polyester Resin composites with Jute fibers.
The problem of discarded tires has received a lot of attention from many authors. Incorporation of rubber aggregate recycled from waste tires is one of the solutions to this issue. This research is based on evaluating fresh and hardened properties such as slump flow, T500, segregation resistance, and L-box tests, compressive strength, impact resistance, and flexural toughness. Rubber aggregate replacements in the self-compact concrete mixes was 10% by volume of fine aggregate. Additionally, both PET and steel fibers are utilized at a volume rate of 0.25%.The outcomes indicate that introducing rubber declines rheological and hardened properties, whereas incorporating hybrid fibers enhances hardened properties such as compressive strength, impact energy, and flexural toughness. The best increase impact energy was obtained at roughly 166.6% when 0.25% hybrid fibers and 10% rubber were used. 74.21 was the greatest increase in flexural toughness when 0.25% hybrid fibers (SCCH3) were used. As for the compressive strength, it was the highest by about 11%.
The problem of solid waste is being emerged increasingly due to the increased quantity of solid waste as a result of population’s increase .From the point of view of environmental and energy concerns, it is preferable to reuse the organic and inorganic components of solid waste in order to minimize the cost. In this investigation, the possibility of using solid waste ash (SWA) as a partial replacement of cement and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete was studied. Samples of municipal solid wastes were collected were burring and changed to ash. A total of 50 cubes, 15 small cubes, and 30 cylinders, as well as 5 prisms were prepared .Various properties of solid waste ash are added to the cement mistures with percent's of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent by weight of solid waste ash. A concrete mix with a percent solid waste ash was used as reference. Pozzolanic activities of all mortars, and setting times of all pastes, and workability of all mixes were investigated .Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, absorption, and drying shrinkage for reference for reference and solid waste concrete specimens were investigated at various ages. Results demonstrate that the pozzolanic activity was within ASTM requirements for the cases of 5% and 10% ash replacement. For 15 and 20 percent replacement this activity was only slightly less than the ASTM value. The 90-day compressive strength rose, in comparison with control specimens, with 5 percent replacement and was only slightly lower at 10 percent replacement. In splitting tensile strength was at least equal to reference specimens for all replacement ratios. The rise in these values, over the reference specimens, ranged between 0 to 21 percent for the case of 20 and 5 percent replacement, respectively.
Nonlinear numerical analysis of nine reinforced concrete beams with dimensions (150 x 200 x 1200) width, height and length, respectively, was carried out through the finite element theory using the ANSYS software (version 15) to know the effect of different properties of layers in the one beam on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The beams are consisting from two layers for the one cross-section. three beams are similar properties layers and the other six are with different properties layers. The beams differ among them depending on the percentage of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers added, the location of the fibrous concrete layer as well as the thickness of the layer. PET fibers were added in proportions (0%,0.5%, and 1%) from volume of the one layer, with dimension (50 x 4 x 0.3) mm length, width, and thickness respectively. All beams are reinforced with steel reinforcement (6 mm diameter at the top, 10 mm diameter for reinforcement against shear and 12 mm diameter in the tension area). The mechanical properties of each type of mixture have been studied. It was found that the different properties of the layers significantly affected the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams. Also the results of the numerical modeling were very close to the laboratory results obtained from the practical study, where the largest difference between the two studies was 8% and 11% for the load and deflection respectively at the ultimate point
The most concerning issue confronting the planet these days is the ascent in Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to record levels. The cement industries are answerable to between 6-8 % of worldwide CO2 emitting. In construction sectors, researchers tried to contribute in decreasing of CO2 in atmosphere produced by industry and using that was released in air. Accelerated CO2 curing is one of the methods used to get benefit from CO2 in the air. In this paper, CO2 concentration in addition to pressure, relative humidity and period of curing all had a significant influence upon the features of Cement – Based Composites. Results showed that using CO2 curing with different and specific properties of fibers (types, quantities, circumstances and lengths) improved the most mechanical properties and enhanced durability such as: strength, stiffness, ductility, toughness, porosity, and absorption.