The appropriate planning policies for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of devastated towns and cities have a role prominent and important in the activation of spatial development processes where appropriate to give the selected positive results in the reconstruction and improvement of the previous methods in this area. From this point the quest is considering the possibility of choosing planning policy objective and proposed for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the city of Ramadi to what came to him from the devastation and destruction as a result of the military operations that took place for the period from 2013 -2016 and the belief of the argument (requires the success of the military operations that accompanied the success of the processes of reconstruction being the mutually reinforcing) it was proposed three development policies is the policy of modernization and urban renewal policy and re-new residential neighborhoods and the policy of pairing between the old and new planning, taking into account the future expansion.The study found after using the method of quantitative analysis (method Analytical Hierarchy Process AHP) as a way diagram of the calendar that the third policy is a combination of old and new planning policy taking into account the urbanization of the city is the best among the proposed development policies, and having been using direct questionnaire segment of experts and specialists affairs planning as representing stakeholders and Shan has been used as a way of governing and the officer to know the credibility and reliability in the accuracy of the results of the quantitative hierarchical analysis.
The phenomenon of random housing in Ramadi city is one of the important planning challenges facing the city, especially after rapid growth rates of urban and population grow thing in the city, hence the importance of research is to prove that sustainable transport planning has a prominent role in addressing this problem and producing many social economic and environmental problems. This study aims to determine the role and importance of transport and sustainability planning criteria for the proposed strategies to address the informal housing spread in the city neighborhoods and sectors within and outside the boundaries of the master plan of the city.The use of Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which combines descriptive and quantitative analysis, will depend on the available data for city at the present time ; as well as, on the expertise of specialists and persons concerned in the subject through a questionnaire to reach the most important factors that affecting random housing from the point of sustainable transport on one hand and in addition to prioritizing treatment according to the proposed strategies presented to planners and local authorities in the city.The research encountered a number of difficulties and obstacles, the most important of which is the scarcity of data and information available in the subject, which led to personally analyze data and resort to the use of geographic information systems (GIS) for the purposes of quantitative and geometrical analysis. The main results for the basic criteria affecting the role of sustainable transport on Ramadi city by gradation from top to lowest ,( i.e. environmental criterion, followed by economic, social, and finally schematic). As for secondary standards, the highest value was the share of the standard of treatment of residential destroyed areas, within the environmental criterion, and the lowest value is the calibration of road efficiency within the planning criterion.
Now and in the future, many countries expect to face inadequate water resources to fulfil their recent environmental, industrial, domestic and agricultural water needs. The world population is expected to grow about 30% at the year 2025, getting 8 billion persons. The living standards are also anticipated to increase as a result of improving urbanization, communications and globalization. So, competition on water among the domestic, industrial, agricultural and other users will rise in unprecedented levels.The researcher studied feasibility study and records that were generated during the life of the Hilla – Kifl irrigation project so as to get some perception into the planning and implementation processes. The researcher made field visits concentrating on direct observation of unending and completed project activities. During the field visits, group discussions and interviews with project staff, farmers and resident engineer were held.The objective of this research is to define the extent to which the feasibility study aims and objectives of Hilla – Kifl irrigation project were met. It was also significant to find best lessons and practices learned so as to improve the design, planning and implementation of future irrigation projects.
Our cities is desert cities because of desert climate factors in them , this research deals with role of spatial factors in the dust storms of desert cities . Two factors effected in spatial : Difference of elevation and distance from the center city . We found multi relationships between spatial factors and dust storms in Ramadi city , Which these relationship very important in city design and planning such as in objective , urban and rural environment , environmental planning
Transport is a vital part of urban life and a foundation for society's growth. It is a wonderful indication of the growth and development of cities. It protects the free flow of people, commodities and the economy. . Despite the great advancement in technology, it still has many difficulties in developed and developing nations, particularly in our country, such as environmental issues, where congestion leads to traffic pollution, noise and a rise in cars which is a problem in itself.. So transportation is an issue. And it became a subject of attention, requiring consideration of sustainability in the planning and development of transportation systems. Ramadi has been chosen as a model in this study because of its significant impact on sustainable development and the approach that thins our study. Using the data from the study area, which included 27 neighbourhoods, were analyzed by the SPSS statistical program , the results showed that the indicators of the environmental dimension had a direct and strong relationship. For Ramadi and other Iraqi cities, a sustainable development system may be developed based on based on the two indicators of pollution and green areas (0.794 and 0.776), on which a choice can be made about sustainable urban environmental transport.
Ramadi city is one of the cities that become need to Transportation planning studies , so its, last time have increase in population changed in social and economic state and have increasing in number of moving vehicles و which causes jamming in transportation network. For the purpose of study, the city was divided into 18 zones and data was collected through this zone. Data was related to socioeconomic characteristics of the population and field surveys were done for the base year (2000). The study has achieved building trip production model in Ramadi city, through find relationship between socioeconomic characteristics (car ownership, family income, employee no. , family no. , population, family size, time and cost trip, distance to the center and area of the dwelling). It was found that the number of families is the most influential variable to trip production model.
The maintenance operation of complexes and the direction of it is management is considered the most important activities which must be given much more efforts and seriousness because of it is considered the national resource and is to save the best ways of living equally all social classes in addition to it considered one of modern and civilized appearances. The paper deals with field study of the town with (2800) housing units with various and complete service units through shedding the light on the real work of the organization runs maintenance in the technical and administrative fields as well as appointing the weak point and finding the best way to handle by developing the existing maintenance order . The proposed development focusing on the following: •The periodic maintenance with some general terms (checking and evaluation) the best means to control defects.•The administrative operation elements in the organization especially the regulation and planning. •Saving the necessary financial resources to carry out the activities of various maintenance. •The importance of limiting the priorities in the work. •Trying to practices new subject in dealing with employees in simple and polite way and create anther image of collection management. Therefor, we draw conclusion of the beneficiary of these systems actively to develop the complexes maintenance system in all over the country by making the suitable amendment for every case.
Several different deterministic and probabilistic mathematical approaches have been used to develop modal split models. The data collected by a questionnaire survey approach is frequently associated with subjectivity, imprecision, and ambiguity. additionally, several linguistic terms are used to express some of the transportation planning variables. This can be solved by modeling mode choosing behavior with artificial intelligence techniques such as fuzzy logic. In this research, Ramadi city in Iraq has been selected as a study area. For the purpose of obtaining data, the study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ). The total number of traffic zones was set as 28 traffic zones, 22 were internal traffic zones and 6 external traffic zones. Field surveys and questionnaires are used to collect data on traffic, land use, and socioeconomic characteristics factors (age, gender, vehicle ownership, family income, trip purpose, trip origin and destination, trip time, waiting duration, duration inside mode, trip origin and destination, trip cost, and type of mode used for transport). The results showed that the modal split models based on the fuzzy inference system can deal with linguistic variables as well as address uncertainty and subjectivity and they gave very good prediction accuracy for future prediction. Fuzzy inference system proved that all factors affected the mode choice with a very strong correlation coefficient (R) equal to 93.1 for general trips but when the results were compared with multiple linear regression model found that the correlation coefficient (R) equal to 28.9 for general trips and the most influential factors on the mode choice are car ownership, age and trip cost. Thus, it can be concluded that fuzzy logic models were more capable of capturing and integrating human knowledge in mode selection behavior. In addition, this study will help decision-makers to plan transportation policies for Ramadi city
Ramadi city is one of the cities that become need to Transportation planning studies , so its, last time have increase in population changed in social and economic state and have increasing in number of moving vehicles و which causes jamming in transportation network. For the purpose of study, the city was divided into 18 zones and data was collected through this zone. Data was related to socioeconomic characteristics of the population and field surveys were done for the base year (2000). The study has achieved building trip production model in Ramadi city, through find relationship between socioeconomic characteristics (car ownership, family income, employee no. , family no. , population, family size, time and cost trip, distance to the center and area of the dwelling). It was found that the number of families is the most influential variable to trip production model.
Estimation of runoff in an ungauged watershed is a significant part in the process of the water resources management. In the Iraqi western desert, the accessibility reliable surface runoff knowledge is scarce, that affects a critical difficulty for the hydrologic engineers. Estimation of surface runoff quantity in valleys of interrupted flow is significant to mobilize the deficiency water resources and manage valleys flow accurately. The incorporation of the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) approach with the geographic information system (GIS) was applied for estimating runoff volume of Wadi Hijlan, Fahamy, and Zgadan. The amount of runoff of the maximum storm were 7388700 m3, 12750000 m3 and 9851590 m3 for Hijlan, Fahamy and Zgadan respectively. In addition, the results showed acquired via the SCS-CN technique, revealed that the runoff depth fluctuated from 12.5 mm to 20.3 mm for (48mm) the maximum storm of rainfall through 2018-2019. The present strategy can be used for planning and development other valleys in the western desert of Iraq.
ABSTRACT The rapid development in computer Technology and in the instruments used in field measurements helped to overcome the problem of accuracy improvement and accuracy assessment of high precision networks. This paper deals with solution of the use of mixed observation systems, it is an essential requirement to improve the accuracy. The study of the magnitude of the correlation of error is of great importance in the efficient performance of planning, measuring and adjusting operation of survey. This paper concludes that the use of weights for mixed observation constitutes an important part in the improvement of the accuracy of a micronetwork. Weights which are determined for mixed observation after the assessment of the standard error of unit weight for each kind of observation .
In this paper, a practical method of analysis of the pile displacements is proposed on the basis of the theory of load-transfer curves widely used in pile design and analysis. The parameters of the load-transfer curves for piles under axial load (called t-z, q-z curves) or lateral load (called P-Y curves) were correlated with the number of blows Nspt measured during the standard penetration test (SPT). Well documented case histories of full-scale axial or lateral loading tests on single piles in sand were collected, and the analysis of the experimental results led to define the parameters of the load-transfer curves. Two practical methods of computation of a single pile under an axial load or a lateral load were proposed to be used within the scope of a pile foundation project. At last, a validation process of the load-transfer curves was undertaken by direct comparison of the predicted pile displacements to those measured during other pile loading tests, which showed a good predictive capability of the two proposed methods
Constructions industry by their projects and works is regard one of the biggest and important industries in most countries, which most of construction projects needing large amounts of materials, goods and services from different types. It can easily be seen that there is a consistently higher rate for the construction projects in Iraq when compared with the country's other industrial Activities. Integrated supply chain management for procurement processes from planning through good administration to contract closeout give best value from purchasing, storage and delivery just in right amount and time. The objective of this research is to review the concept, definition, and benefits of ISCM for Procurement processes with assessing the implementation of such a procurement world class system for construction companies in Iraq through field survey and developing a "checklist" to investigate, record, weighting, and analyze the facts of existing procurement chain management of Al-Rasheed State contracting construction Company as case study. The research conclusions show that Al-Rasheed CO. implementation percentage of procurement management about 36.3%. where the management isn't aware of procurement management importance, so little knowledge about ISCM and its benefits for procurements processes to company and its projects, , therefore hasn't contrapuntal department for procurement . Several proper solutions were recommended to improve the existing supply chain management for procurement such as establishing procurement department, the role of leadership and commitment to procurement, documentation of ISCM, and proper database for vendors, materials, information and catalogs by modern Information's technology.
Construction delays are common problems in civil engineering projects in Arab countries. Because of the importance of this problem, the study reviewed many studies that dealt with the topic of delay in the construction projects of their countries.The study included the delay in projects in Iraq. Jorden, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Yemen, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria and Morocco. The projects included infrastructure facilities, public buildings, housing complexes, water treatment plants, sports facilities, water supply, roads. Quantitative method via a structured questionnaire was implemented in all these studies, the questionnaires were distributed to experienced project parties such as the owner, contractor, consultant and other parties. The relative importance method was used to analyze the results of the questionnaire to obtain the highest ten or five factors with the highest rank which cause delay. The results showed that the groups of contractor and owner has the highest percentage and were repeated several times compared to the rest of the groups.The top five factors causing delay of construction projects in Arab countries are, problems of cash flow and financial by owner, difficulties in financing the project by the contractor, Poor site management and supervision of the contractor, selecting the contractor who has the lowest bid and ineffective planning and scheduling by contractors
الخلاصةان العناصر الرئيسية لغرض انجاز المشروع الإنشائي بأسلوب التنفيذ المتسارع هي الوقت والكلفة والجودة بحيث يكون ذا منفعة وضمن مدة محددة ومناسبة .إن نجاح المشروع يهم صاحب العمل إضافة إلى كل من الفريق الاستشاري والفريق التنفيذي . يهدف هذا البحث إلى تطوير مقترحات أساسية وعملية للسيطرة على آليات التخطيط العام للمشروع باستخدام التنفيذ المتسارع إضافة إلى الخطط التفصيلية للسيطرة على عامل الوقت بالتزامن مع السيطرة على العاملين الأساسيين الآخرين وهما كلفة المشروع وجودة الأعمال المنفذة، وذلك لغرض تلافي السلبيات و منع الانحرافات التي تسبب تأخير تنفيذ المشروع في الوقت المناسب. ولغرض تحقيق هدف البحث فقد تم إجراء العديد من المقابلات الشخصية مع عينة منتخبة من ذوي الخبرة بالمشاريع الإنشائية التي تنفذ بأسلوب التنفيذ المتسارع ومن الذين يعملون في القطاعين الحكومي والخاص وأخيرا تم استخلاص عدد من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي تقدم نظرة جدية وشاملة لجميع الأنشطة والأعمال التي تحيط بالمشروع وتأثيرها على الوقت والكلفة والجودة لغرض التحسين المستمر لمشاريع التنفيذ المتسارع الإنشائية.
Traffic movement is considered a compound phenomenon that is impacted by behavioural, economic, and physical aspects. It is performed within the context of an urban system that consists of road networks and crossings, where the movement crouches to depend. The measuring of identifying their size and densities and current problems helps to Improve and development for roads and streets network existing and important is intersections for purposes the accessibility, potentiality of future intersections, and network development towards constructing a composition to raise the quality and the efficient performance of roads and streets. The study was dependent on a traffic survey for intersections, areas of urban intersections, and the road network of Al-Ramadi city, as well as the number of vehicles that generated a large volume of traffic flow. The use of the program (HCS 2010) to detect appropriate for purposes decreasing traffic congestion and delayed trip time in the areas based on existing and future districts that generate different types and purposes of journeys to lessen the delay trip time to lessen traffic congestion. Therefore, research looks at both sides: first, a study of the existing intersections of the main road network and urban streets, including an examination of the components and shapes of these intersections in the study area; second, an examination of the importance placed on these intersections by the planning and design process.
This research aims to propose a new methodology of obtaining the basic solution of the transportation model, which is one of the operations research. Transportation model aimed to find the economic solution to the plan of allocation of products from production centers to consumption centers. One of the important issues of application the transportation model is the issue of transfer raw materials for construction projects (such as ready-mix concrete) and for which there is usually a set of options for production centers as there is always a group of consumption centers (construction sites). This application was chosen because of the wide use of it and due to its impacts on macroeconomic level. Started by reviewing the current methods of obtaining the basic solution of the transportation model, then the factors that are not taken into account in these methods have been identified and, accordingly, two methods have been developed to obtain the basic solution of the transportation model. The first method depends on the indicator of the biggest costs of transport between the centers, while the second method uses the cost multiplied by the amount transmitted (actual cost) as an indicator to determine the basic solution of the transportation model. Unlike other methods, this method considers all variables mentioned in the objective function. Finally, the proposal method has been illustrated by the use of an empirical example.
Since evapotranspiration typically makes up the largest portion of the terrestrial water cycle, it is one of the most crucial factors in determining how much water is available. This study evaluated four models (Penman-FAO-24(PF), Penman-Monteith -FAO-56(PM), Penman-Kimberly(PK), and Jensen-Haise (JH)) utilized frequently to calculate monthly reference crop evapotranspiration (ET_0) values for Ramadi irrigation project (fourth stage). The statistical indicators considered were the root mean square error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Relative Error (RE), Correlation Coefficient (R^2) and mean bias error (MBE), models were used to estimate evapotranspiration, and by calculating evapotranspiration for Al-Ramadi city according to the climate data available to us, The (PF) model had the lowest MBE = 0.02945, greatest RMSE = 29.369, and highest R = 0.9641 values among the four models, demonstrating that it is the best. The JH model, which achieved the highest values of MBE = 0.00978 and RSME = 58.509, was the least accurate of the models.. The study's conclusions may be useful to farmers, decision-makers, and local water organizations in assessing irrigation water requirements, planning, and effective use of water resources.
The first step toward urban transportation planning is to make a data base then to initiate the first mathematical model known as trip generation model which this study adopts. The study area in the waste sector of Ramadi city (Al-Tameem, 5 km) is considered as one sector consists of eight zones containing about 11640 dwelling units. Home interview survey was made of random sample which represent 5% of the study area population. The collected information was concerned with structure, vehicles, families and each person living in the dwelling unit. The total person’s trips per dwelling unit and various purposes were investigated. All data was programmed for analysis by spss program, which took place firstly by multiple linear regression to obtain the primarily models. After series of analysis and trials, the most significant independent variables were identified as family size and car ownership. Also, the final equations for producing trips were obtained. They were reasonable, more practical and carrying the best statistical measures. Set of curves were developed to put the sub models in any easy and more desirable manner for wide application and forecasting.
Wind and water levels influence wave overtopping and consequent coastal flood threat, which is especially important in hyper-tidal bays where even modest variations in wave heights may be devastating if they coincide with high tides. The influence of wind and wave characteristics on wave propagation, as well as the sensitivity of significant wave height, are numerically investigated along the Gaza Strip's beachfront as an example. Wind waves with a high amplitude and short duration are susceptible to opposing winds, and their steepening effect varies throughout the bay shoreline, underlining the impact of shoreline geometry and bathymetry on wave hazard. The findings contribute to our existing knowledge of the complex interplay between wind and waves, as well as the crucial variables that maximize danger and hazard variability along the coastline. The findings of this study can assist port and harbor managers prevent financial losses due to downtime, influence sustainable coastal sea defense design, and better understand how wave danger may change in the future owing to shifting storm tracks. The findings can also be used to improve coastal infrastructure design and disaster response planning. Two scenarios were investigated with a wind direction of 330 and 30. It seems that when the wind direction is 330, it produces a higher Hs of 1.2 m and relatively larger wave return period with a range of 12-22 s and a higher wave energy dissipation of 220 N/Ms. In contrast, when the wind direction is 30, it produces a smaller HS of 1m with a short wave return period of 15-17s and smaller wave energy dissipation of 120 N/Ms. Overall, a wind direction of 30 has fewer occurring chances over the year but it seems to produce a destructive wave that are spread over the whole coast with a rapid return period.
The concept of the modern maintenance management has been developed inparallel with the international development of the science and technology, especiallytargets identification of the management, and it’s duties in the hydraulicestablishments.The research included a real state study of maintenance management activitiesof Himreen dam to propose a suitable maintenance management system. Also itpresented a description of the dam importance and discussed the concept of themodern maintenance; definition, classification, and the analysis of the four factors ofmanagement system which are (planning, organizing, directing and controlling).The field survey included preparing the questionnaire list, conducting thestatistical analysis for it's axes, and discussing the results.Many conclusions and recommendations have been deduced which related tothe applications of the maintenance management in the dam project, and to generalizethe proposed system in future to all dam’s projects in Iraq.