ABSTRACT. Hospitals pose a significant risk to human health due to the contamination of their environment with chemical elements. Exposure to these elements can have adverse health effects, such as neurological and developmental problems, cancer, and endocrine disruptors. To prevent and mitigate the risks associated with contamination, it is important to identify and control the sources of contamination. This study intends to investigate how chemical elements are contaminating hospitals, including the sources of contamination, possible health impacts of exposure, and preventative and remedial actions that may be done to lessen the dangers. To reach the aims of this study, water samples from three different spots at two different seasons (winter and summer) of the water flow through the hospitals (Hospital water on its first entry inside, Wastewater after use inside and around the hospital and Wastewater after passing through the treatment unit inside the hospital) have been collected. Magnetic suspended matter (TS), Total materials (T.D.S), Electrical Conductivity, and Turbidity tests have been done to the collected water samples. Additionally, heavy materials have been detected in the collected samples. The results showed that the pH function increased slightly and insignificantly for the alkaline after using the water, while the water conductivity, Alkalinit, hardness, and percentage of suspended solids (T.S.S) and dissolved solids (TDS) reached the highest in wastewater. From the results of this study, we can conclude that the stages of treatment are slow and inefficient.
Secondary clarifiers form a crucial component in gravity separation processes mainly in solid-liquid separation. They perform the crucial process of separating the activated sludge from the clarified effluent and also to concentrate the settled sludge. As treatment plants receive increasingly high wastewater flow, conventional sedimentation tanks suffer from overloading problems which result in poor performance. Inlet baffle modification by using an energy dissipating inlet (EDI) was proposed to enhance the performance in the circular clarifiers in Al-Dewanyia wastewater treatment plant. A 3-Dimensional fully mass conservative clarifier model was applied to evaluate proposed tank modification and to estimate the maximum capacity of the existing and modified clarifiers. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was formulated to describe tank performance and design parameters were obtained based on the experimental results. The study revealed that velocity and SS are better parameters than TS, BOD5, and COD to evaluate the performance of sedimentation tanks. Removal efficiencies of suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand were higher in the EDI (Baffle).
To classification groundwater quality in the study area, three wells were drilled at a depth of 10m and selected two locations across Al Warrar Canal to represent their water quality. Water samples were collected from these wells and the Warrar Canal to examine water quality. Then results were compared against the World Health Organization (WHO) limits to study the Index of Water Quality (WQI). WQI was calculated according to the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), and the quality of water was evaluated for domestic and irrigation uses. The samples were tested for electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, chloride, total hardness, nitrate, and alkalinity according to the standard methods. The results of laboratory analysis showed significant differences among the wells and Warrar Canal water quality in the measured parameters according to WHO limits. Due to many human activities like urbanization, agrarian overflow, drainage of untreated sewage, and industrialization, high values of trace elements and heavy metals were recorded in wells three. For agriculture purposes, the results show that the water in the three wells is very high salinity, where the Warrar Canal is high salinity, and Canal water causes saline and alkali damages. It was recommended that the WQI in three wells was poor water quality whereas, marginal water quality was pointed in AL Warrar Canal.
The water quality index (WQI) is applying for the integrating the water quality variables into a single number to indicate the overall quality of water. Rivers is one of the essential water resources, the protecting and preserving for the quality of this resource is important and imperative. An evaluation of water characteristics of the Shatt Al Arab River in Basrah city was performed in order to determine the quality of water for drinking usage. In this research, monitoring of variation in the characteristics of water was accomplished by collecting monthly water samples for three years. The water samples from the Shatt Al Arab River is analyzed for eight Physical and chemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphate (SO4) and chloride (Cl) using standard methods. Utilizing the WQI discovered that the water quality of the studied river is ranked between very poor water type and not suitable water for drinking usage category. In the present investigation, the quality of water was revealed that the average of WQI value for the studied years was 318, 337.3 and 456.7, respectively.
This study was determined specified characteristics of Iraqi silica sand , touse it in the drinking water treatment rapid gravity filters. These properties includes grain size ,uniformity coefficient , grain shape , porosity , density , durability, chemical content and capability of solubility in the acid ..this study explained that the Iraqi silica sand has high degree at mechanical and chemical stabilities .The e filter column was operate for many cycles , the average results of raw water and treatedwater for variable values (turbidity , total suspended solids and total bacterial count) was taken . The study showed that possibility of use the Iraqi silica sand in the westernIraqi desert in the rapid gravity drinking water treatment plant filters . when the raw water has initial turbidity (5.24 NTU) ,the study and the experimental tests showedthat the average removal efficiency of turbidity , T.S.S ,and T.B.C of (82.9%,82.8%and 79.5%) respectively . when the raw water has initial turbidity (9.58 NTU) ,the study and the experimental tests showed that the average removal efficiency of turbidity , T.S.S ,and T.B.C of (79.4%,78.7% and 74.1%) respectively . when the rawwater has initial turbidity (28.35 NTU) ,the study and the experimental tests showedthat the average removal efficiency of turbidity , T.S.S ,and T.B.C of (72.6%,72.7%and 60.9%) respectively
In the circumstances interface Iraq wars and a lack of public services to citizens, water remains the most important requirements of daily life and must be accorded primary importance by ensuring that the processing of citizens with drinking water quality and conformity with the standard specifications, and that can be done not through the presence of plants To treat drinking water with high efficiency. In this research study of the Show a water Fallujah, which consists of the traditional liquidation of most water stations in Iraq , sedimentation and filtration and sterilization, has been studying each stage of the three phases through the collection of information and testing of each phase, has found that the plant Efficient (57%) of a deposition, and the efficiency (50%) of the nomination phase and the efficiency (40-90%) in the sterilization stage, within the World Health Standards for water quality characteristics , PH was equal to( 6.7), and equal to (3 turbidity unit international) turbidity, and electrical Alaissali (1100 μs/cm ), and the total salt concentration of TDS equal to (530mg/L) for drinking water out of the station, The concentration of suspended solids (40 mg / L) are not in conformity with the specifications